Self-Assessment countdown

There are now less than two months to file your 2020-21 Self-Assessment tax return. Last year over 12.5 million taxpayers were required to complete a Self-Assessment tax return but over 1.8 million taxpayers missed the 31 January deadline.

The deadline for submitting your 2020-21 Self-Assessment tax returns online is 31 January 2022. You should also be aware that payment of any tax due should also be made by this date. This includes the payment of any balance of Self-Assessment liability for the 2020-21 plus the first payment on account due for the current 2021-22 tax year.

If you miss the filing deadline then you will usually be charged a £100 fixed penalty if your return is up to 3 months late, regardless of whether you owed tax or not. 

HMRC is encouraging taxpayers to complete their tax return as early as possible to avoid getting stressed as the filing date looms. In fact, last year over 2,700 taxpayers submitted their tax returns on Christmas Day with a further 8,500 taxpayers completing their tax returns on Boxing Day.

If you are filing online for the first time you should ensure you register to use HMRC’s self-assessment online service as soon as possible. Once registered an activation code will be sent by mail. This process can take up to 10 working days. 

Most COVID support scheme grants are treated as taxable income in the same way as other taxable receipts and need to be reported to HMRC. This means that if you received a support payment during the 2020-21 tax year, such as the Self-Employment Income Support Scheme, this needs to be reported on your self-assessment tax return. If you received the £500 one-off payment for working households receiving tax credits this does not need to be reported under self-assessment.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 16 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

Business gifts

The rules for deciding whether a gift given in the course of business is deductible are complex. The rules for business gifts generally follow those for business entertaining expenditure. This means that HMRC take the view that in general business gifts are not an allowable deduction from profit for tax purposes.

However, there are exceptions to this rule. Where the following exceptions apply, the expenses incurred in providing the gift are deductible from trading profits. The exceptions are where:

  • the gift is of an item which it is the trader’s trade to provide and it is given away in the ordinary course of the trade to advertise to the public
  • the gift incorporates a conspicuous advertisement for the trader, although there are exclusions relating to the type of gift and the total amount per person
  • the gift is provided to the employees of the trader so long as this is not incidental to gifts being provided to others
  • the gift is given to charity or other specific bodies.

HMRC is clear that in some instances, something that appears to be a gift may actually be a part of a sale to a customer. HMRC’s manuals provide the example of a bunch of flowers presented to a customer who has just purchased a new car would effectively have been paid for by the customer – it is a part of the cost of the car. Similarly, gifts offered to customers who purchase a certain level of goods are really discounts on sale and not business gifts. Gifts of this nature are not disallowed by the legislation.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 16 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

A reminder of trivial benefit rules

We wanted to remind readers of the trivial benefits in kind (BiK) rules. The BiK exemption applies to small non-cash benefits like a bottle of wine, a bouquet of flowers given occasionally to employees, or any other benefit in kind classed as 'trivial' that falls within the exemption. By taking advantage of the exemption employers can simplify the treatment of BiKs whilst at the same time offering a tax efficient way to give small gifts to employees.

The trivial benefit rules provide an opportunity to give small rewards and incentives to employees. The main caveat being that the gifts are not provided as a reward for services performed or as part of the employees’ duties. However, gifts to employees on milestone events such as the birth of a child or a marriage or other gestures of goodwill would usually qualify.

The employer also benefits as the trivial benefits do not have to be included on PAYE settlement agreements or disclosed on P11D forms. There is also a matching exemption from Class 1A National Insurance contributions.

The tax exemption applies to trivial BiKs where the BiK:

  • is not cash or a cash-voucher; and
  • costs £50 or less; and
  • is not provided as part of a salary sacrifice or other contractual arrangement; and
  • is not provided in recognition of services performed by the employee as part of their employment, or in anticipation of such services.

The rules dictate that directors or other officeholders of close companies and their families, will be restricted to an annual cap of £300. The £50 limit remains for each gift. The £300 cap does not apply to employees. If the £50 limit is exceeded for any gift, the value of the benefit will be taxable.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 16 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

VAT business test

There are a number of conditions that must be satisfied in order for an activity to be within the scope of UK VAT. One of the conditions that needs to be carefully considered when deciding whether an activity is within the scope of VAT is the concept that the supply must be made in the course or furtherance of business. 

This idea of 'business' is one of the less well-known rules. However, this is an important condition that drives the liability of a business to charge VAT on their sales, known as output VAT and on its ability to recover VAT, known as input tax.

In most cases, it will be clear whether an activity is ‘business’ related and should fall within the scope of VAT. However, in cases where the result is less clear cut, HMRC can use a business test to help. The test is based on a historic court case where the court identified six factors or indicators to determine whether an activity was ‘business’ related. The test should be applied to individual activities separately. 

HMRC’s internal manuals provide the following example:

Imagine a person registered as a self-employed plumber who now and again renovates old cars. They do not automatically have to charge tax when selling those cars. This is because it would be hard to see the activity of car renovation being included within their business as a plumber.

On the other hand, if the car activity can be seen to have the attributes of a business in its own right then the plumber would have to charge tax on the sales.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

What can be transferred between group members?

Corporation Tax relief may be available when a company or organisation makes a trading loss. Companies that are eligible for group relief can transfer losses and certain other deficits to companies within the same group by means of Group or Consortium Relief. The use of group relief allows losses arising in the accounting period to be surrendered to a group company for that period. 

Companies attempting to either surrender or claim losses for Group Relief or Group Relief for carried forward losses, must meet the required conditions. For companies to be members of the same group, one company must be a 75% subsidiary of the other, or both must be 75% subsidiaries of a third company. The definition of ‘75% subsidiary’ requires one company to have direct or indirect beneficial ownership of at least 75% of the ordinary share capital in another. There are also further qualifying tests that may apply for group relief purposes, and this can be a complex area. 

Under Section 99 – Corporation tax Act 2010 the following losses (when qualifying) can be surrendered and claimed as group relief:

  • a trading loss 
  • a capital allowances excess 
  • non-trading deficit on loan relationship 
  • amounts allowable as qualifying charitable donations 
  • a UK property business loss 
  • management expenses 
  • a non-trading loss on intangible fixed assets 
Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

Reporting COVID support scheme grants to HMRC

Most COVID support scheme grants are treated as taxable income in the same way as other taxable receipts and need to be reported to HMRC. The grants are treated as income where the business is within the scope of either Income Tax or Corporation Tax. This means that if you received a support payment during the COVID pandemic, this may need to be reported on your tax return. This applies to the self-employed, partnerships and businesses.

The treatment extends to support measures including the following:

  • the Self Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS)
  • test and trace or self-isolation payments
  • the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS)
  • Eat Out to Help Out
  • Coronavirus Statutory Sick Pay Rebate
  • Coronavirus Business Support Grants

HMRC’s guidance is clear that whether or not any tax is paid will depend on the business profits of the grant recipient (taking into account the grant and other business income and expenditure under normal tax rules), any other taxable income they may have and any personal or other allowances to which they are entitled.

HMRC also has the power to recover payments and charge penalties where claimants have made support grant claims that they were not entitled to. There is no requirement to report COVID welfare payments made by a council such as those to help with council tax payments and housing benefit.

Loans, such as Bounce Back Loans or those from the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CBILS), are not COVID-19 support payments.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

Vehicles eligible for a plug-in grant

The low-emission vehicles plug-in grant can help you save up to £2,500 on the purchase price of new low-emission vehicles. The scheme was first launched in 2011 and is available across the UK with dealers using the grant towards the price of eligible new cars. The paperwork for the grant application is handled by the dealer you purchase your car from. The scheme is open to qualifying purchases by private individuals and businesses.

HMRC publishes a list of qualifying cars and only cars listed are eligible for the grant. There are also grants available for specified motorcycles, mopeds, small vans, large vans, taxis and trucks.

The grant is available for cars with CO2 emissions lower than 50g/km and a 'zero-emission' range of at least 112km. To qualify for the grant, the cars must have an 'on the road' price cap of less than £35,000. This means that many popular environmentally friendly electric cars are not available under the scheme as they sell for more than the price cap.

There are separate criteria for the other vehicle classes. For example, for motorcycles that have no CO2 emissions and can travel at least 50km (31 miles) between charges.

Source: HM Government Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

Vehicles exempt from Vehicle Excise Duty

Vehicle Excise Duty (VED), also commonly referred to as vehicle tax, is an annual tax levied on owners of most cars, vans, motorcycles, and holders of motorcycle trade licences.

There are certain VED exemptions and discounts for people who suffer from various mobility impairments. In addition, alternative fuel vehicles receive a £10 reduction on vehicle tax rates.

The full list of vehicles exempt from vehicle tax are as follows:

  • Vehicles used by a disabled person – an application should be made by eligible users for a disability exemption when they apply for vehicle tax. The exemption is removed if the disabled person no longer uses the vehicle.
  • Disabled passenger vehicles – Vehicles (apart from ambulances) used by organisations providing transport for disabled people are exempt.
  • Mobility scooters and powered wheelchairs – The law calls these ‘invalid carriages’. They must have a maximum speed of 8mph on the road and be fitted with a device limiting them to 4mph on footways, to be exempt.
  • Historic vehicles made before 1 January 1981.
  • Electric vehicles – The electricity must come from an external source, or an electric storage battery not connected to any source of power when the vehicle is moving to be exempt.
  • Mowing machines
  • Steam vehicles
  • Vehicles used for agriculture, horticulture and forestry – This includes tractors, agricultural engines and light agricultural vehicles used off-road. It also includes ‘limited use’ vehicles used for short journeys (not more than 1.5 kilometres) on the public road between land that’s occupied by the same person.
Source: HM Government Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

Tax treatment of incentive scheme awards

Some companies use incentive award schemes to encourage their employees in various ways. For example, to sell more of their own goods and services. The award can include cash-based, vouchers or other gifts.

Where an employer meets the tax payable on a non-cash incentive award given to a direct employee by entering into a PAYE settlement agreement (PSA), the award is not chargeable to tax on the employee.

With the exception of non-cash awards covered by a PSA, the incentive awards made to employees are chargeable as employment income. The value of these awards is calculated as follows:

Cash
The value to use is the total amount of cash awarded.

Vouchers
If the award consists of vouchers, then the value to use is the full cost to the provider of making the award.

Other gifts
If the award is something other than vouchers, then the charge is usually the full cost to the provider of making the award. There are certain exceptions for the very low paid.

There are also concessions which HMRC makes to enable you to say thank you to staff for specific areas including encouragement awards, suggestion schemes and to reward long service.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100

Vehicle benefit charges from April 2022

The vehicle benefit charges were updated following the Chancellor's Budget speech. Where employees are provided with fuel for their own private use by their employers, the car fuel benefit charge is applicable. The fuel benefit charge is determined by reference to the CO2 rating of the car, applied to a fixed amount. The car fuel benefit charge will increase in 2022-23 to £25,300 (from £24,600). The fuel benefit is not applicable when the employee pays for all their private fuel.

The standard benefit charge for private use of a company van will increase to £3,600 (from £3,500). A company van is defined as ‘a van made available to an employee by reason of their employment’. There is an additional benefit charge for fuel when a van has significant private use. The limit will increase in 2022-23 to £688 (from £669). If private use of the van is insignificant then no benefit will apply.

Since 6 April 2021, the van benefit charge has been reduced to zero for vans that produce zero carbon emissions. This measure supports the governments climate change agenda by encouraging the uptake up of vans that emit zero carbon emissions.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 02 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0100