Corporation tax from 1 April 2023

Barring any unforeseen changes being announced at next week’s Budget, the Corporation Tax main rate will increase to 25% from 1 April 2023 for companies with profits over £250,000. A Small Profits Rate (SPR) of 19% will also be introduced from the same date for companies with profits of up to £50,000, ensuring these companies pay Corporation Tax at the same rate as currently.

Where a company has profits between £50,000 and £250,000 a rate of Corporation Tax will apply that bridges the gap between the lower and upper limits. The lower and upper limits will be proportionately reduced for short accounting periods of less than 12-months and where there are associated companies.

The effect of marginal relief is that the effective rate of Corporation Tax gradually increases from 19% where profits exceed £50,000 to 25% where profits are more than £250,000.

The amount of Corporation Tax to pay will be found by multiplying profits by the main rate of 25% and deducting marginal relief. For the fiscal year 2023, the marginal relief fraction will be 3/200.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 07 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0100

Incentive to invest

Next week, 15 March, the Chancellor will deliver his first Spring Budget. It will provide an opportunity to cushion companies from the effects of the Corporation Tax (CT) increase to 25% and the withdrawal of the 130% Super-Deduction; both timed for the 1 April 2023.

Although any large-scale tax cuts may be off the table, the Chancellor may still be willing to provide companies with incentives to invest.

The Super-Deduction was introduced to encourage companies to invest in qualifying equipment before the 1 April 2023 increase in CT rates to 25%.

So, what incentives could we expect?

  • The Chancellor could extend the 130% relief, thus offering corporate businesses an effective 32.5% tax relief (25% x 1.3). This would be a useful fiscal carrot to encourage capital investment from April 2023.
  • He could extend the relief to cover rented, leased or second-hand goods.
  • He could extend the relief to include non-corporate business owners and the self-employed.

Alternatively, he could simply increase the permanent Annual Investment Allowance above the present £1m.

The business community needs incentives to invest. Otherwise, there is a danger that firms may simply defer investment, waiting for better times, which, of course, would further reduce our competitive ability to match productivity advances by countries who are less concerned with this “wait and see” approach.

Source: Other Mon, 06 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0100

Why credit control is vital

The ultimate financial objective of most trading companies is to convert their supply of goods and services into cash – deposits in their bank account.

However, when goods are sold on credit, and you give customers time to pay, there is a delay in the cash conversion process, and for a period of time your cash proceeds of sale stay in your customers bank account.

Credit control is the management of this process to ensure customers pay in accordance with your credit terms (30 days for example). Without effective credit control there would likely be a further delay, beyond your agreed credit terms, and the cumulative effect of these delays could cause you serious cash flow problems.

An effective way to manage credit control is to automate the issue of statements and follow up letters using your bookkeeping software. It should be possible to manage the process by setting up delivery of reminders to pay by email.

Please let us know if we can help with the set-up process.

Finally, manage the process. As well as meeting your sales and profits targets each month, be sure to include a review of your current days credit being taken by customers. If the days credit taken is higher than the days credit you have set, then action may be required to intervene and chase payment by more direct means.

Source: Other Mon, 06 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0100

New VAT penalty regime

The first monthly returns and payments affected by HMRC’s new VAT penalty regime are due by 7 March 2023. The new rules apply to the late submission and / or late payments of VAT returns for VAT return periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. 

Under the new regime, there are separate penalties for late VAT returns and late payment of VAT as well as a new methodology to the way interest is charged. This replaces the old default surcharge regime and for most taxpayers should represent a fairer system.

The new system is points-based. This means that taxpayers will incur a penalty point for each missed VAT submission deadline. At a certain threshold of points, a financial penalty of £200 will be charged and the taxpayer will be notified. The threshold varies depending on the required submission frequency (monthly, quarterly, annual). For quarterly VAT returns, the penalty points threshold will be 4 points. The penalty points will reset to zero following a period of compliance, for quarterly returns this requires 12-months of compliance. There are also time limits after which a point cannot be levied. 

In addition, the new system sees the introduction of two new late payment penalties. A first payment penalty of 2% of the unpaid tax that remains outstanding 16-30 days after the due date. The second payment penalty increases to 4% of any unpaid tax that is 31 or more days overdue. To help with the introduction of the new system, HMRC has confirmed that will not be charging a first late payment penalty for the first year of the new regime (1 January – 31 December 2023) once the debt is paid in full within 30-days of the payment due date or if a payment plan is agreed.

Late payment interest will be charged from the date a payment is overdue, until the date it is paid in full. Late payment interest is calculated as the Bank of England base rate plus 2.5%.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0100

Still time to claim Marriage Allowance

HMRC is reminding married couples and those in civil partnerships that there is still time to sign up for marriage allowance before the end of the current tax year (5 April 2023) if they are eligible and haven’t yet claimed.

The marriage allowance applies to married couples and those in a civil partnership where a spouse or civil partner does not pay tax or does not pay tax above the basic rate threshold for Income Tax (i.e., one of the couples must currently earn less than the £12,570 personal allowance for 2022-23).

The allowance works by permitting the lower earning partner to transfer up to £1,260 of their personal tax-free allowance to their spouse or civil partner. The marriage allowance can only be used when the recipient of the transfer (the higher earning partner) does not pay more than the basic 20% rate of Income Tax. This would usually mean that their income is between £12,570 to £50,270 in 2022-23. The limits are somewhat different for those living in Scotland.

This transfer could result in a saving of up to £252 for the recipient (20% of £1,260), or £21 a month for the current tax year. In fact, even if a spouse or civil partner has died after 5 April 2018, the surviving person can still claim the allowance (if they qualify) by contacting HMRC’s Income Tax helpline.

If you meet the eligibility requirements and have not yet claimed the allowance, you can backdate your claim to 6 April 2018. This could result in a total tax-break of up to £1,242 if you can claim for 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21, 2021-22 as well as the current 2022-23 tax year. In fact, even if you are no longer eligible but would have been in any of the preceding years then you can still claim your entitlement.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0100

Tax when you sell shares

Capital Gains Tax (CGT) is normally charged at a simple flat rate of 20% when you sell shares unless they are in a CGT free investment such as an ISA or qualifying pension. 

If you only pay basic rate tax and make a small capital gain, you may only be subject to a reduced CGT rate of 10%. Once the total of your taxable income and gains exceeds the higher rate threshold, the excess will be subject to 20% CGT. There is also an annual CGT exemption. This means that in the current tax year you can make £12,300 of gains before paying any tax. The allowance applies to each member of a married couple or civil partnership. 

The usual due date for paying any CGT you owe to HMRC when you sell shares is the 31 January following the end of the tax year in which a capital gain was made. This means that CGT for any gains crystalised before 6 April 2023 will be due for payment on or before 31 January 2024.

It is also important to note that the annual exempt amount applicable to CGT is to be more than halved from April 2023. The exempt amount will be reduced from £12,300 to £6,000 from April 2023, before a further reduction to £3,000 from April 2024. This means that taxpayers with small gains should consider the benefits of crystalising these gains before 6 April 2023 in order to fully utilise the £12,300 allowance for 2022-23.

The normal way to report a gain on the sale of shares is to complete the relevant sections of your Self-Assessment tax return in the tax year after the gain was made. When calculating your gain, you can deduct certain costs of buying or selling shares such as stockbrokers’ fees or Stamp Duty Reserve Tax when you bought the shares.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0100

What is a Share Incentive Plan?

Share Incentive Plans (SIPs) were first introduced in July 2000 to give employees tax and NICs savings when they buy or are given shares in the company they work for.

Provided all the qualifying conditions are met, shares which are obtained under a SIP are not liable to Income Tax or NICs at the time they are acquired and there is no CGT for accrued gains whilst the shares are held in a SIP. This includes holding the shares in a SIP for 5-years.

There are four different ways that shares can be obtained in a SIP:

  • An employer can give employees awards of free shares (which can be performance related e.g., based on the performance of individuals, teams, divisions or work units) up to a maximum of £3,600 p.a. tax-free.
  • Employees can buy shares valued at up to £1,800 per year out of their pre-tax salary. This is subject to this being no more than 10% of an employee’s annual salary.
  • Employers can give up to two free shares for each share an employee buys.
  • Dividends from any of the free, partnership or matching shares can be reinvested tax free in the purchase of further shares (if allowed by the employer).
Source: HM Treasury Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0100

National Living Wage rates from April 2023

New National Minimum Wage (NMW) and National Living Wage (NLW) rates come into effect on 1 April 2023.

The new rate for the NLW will be £10.42 which will represent a 92p increase over the current rate. The NLW is the minimum hourly rate that must be paid to those aged 23 or over. The hourly rate of the NMW (for 21-22 year olds) will increase to £10.18 (a rise of £1). The rates for 18-20-year-olds will increase to £7.49 (a rise of 66p) and the rate for workers above the school leaving age but under 18 will increase to £5.28 (a rise of 47p). The NMW rate for apprentices will increase by 47p to £5.28. The accommodation offset will rise to £9.10 per hour (an increase of 40p).

It is important that employers update their systems, by 1 April 2023, to reflect the new rates as there are significant penalties for employers who are found to have paid workers less than the above rates. 

If you have underpaid an employee, you must pay any arrears immediately. There are penalties for non-payment of up to 200% of the amount owed unless the arrears are paid within 14-days. The maximum fine for non-payment can be up to £20,000 per employee and employers who fail to pay face a possible 15-year ban from being a company director as well as being publicly named and shamed.

Source: Other Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0100

Scottish Winter Payments Support

The Scottish Winter Heating Payment is a new Scottish Government benefit that replaces the Department for Work and Pensions’ (DWP) Cold Weather Payment. It can be claimed by eligible claimants on low incomes living in Scotland from 1 November 2022. The Cold Weather Payment is paid to eligible individuals on benefits in England and Wales. Northern Ireland runs a separate scheme which mirrors the Cold Weather Payment scheme in England and Wales. 

The Scottish Winter Heating Payment is not linked to a sustained period of cold weather in a specific location but is a reliable annual £50 payment. The first winter payments to around 400,000 people were processed at the end of February. 

Those eligible for the Scottish Winter Heating Payment will receive it automatically, with no need to apply. It is paid through Social Security Scotland and people will get a letter to let them know they are eligible.

The Minister for Social Security Scotland said:

'The Payment will reach significantly more people than the benefit it has replaced. On average only 185,000 people received the equivalent Cold Weather Payments from the UK Government over the last seven years – whereas we will pay everyone eligible every year.

The Scottish Government is investing around £20 million per year compared with an average of £8.3 million annually paid out through Cold Weather Payment. We will also uprate the next Winter Heating Payment by 10.1%, to £55.05.'

Source: The Scottish Government Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0100